Dolphin-Safe Tuna Essays - Tuna, Sport Fish, Dolphin Safe Label

Dolphin-Safe Tuna? Tuna fishermen off the Pacific coast have been using dolphins in order to catch tuna. What occurs is fishermen set nets on specific dolphins, attempting to catch yellowfin tuna, which is found living in the same area as the dolphins. After trapping the dolphins, the fishermen simply pull them up onto the boat with the tuna and let them die. This procedure has killed nearly seven million dolphins since the 1950s. The extremely high death rate of dolphins caused the United States' Congress to amend the Marine Mammal Protection Act during the 1980s in order to suggest different ways of catching tuna. In 1990, the famous ?dolphin-safe tuna? labeling was created. Throughout the early 1990s America adopted new dolphin protection plans which made necessary that all tuna being imported here must follow the same guidelines as the United States in order to put an end to the harassment of dolphins. As these new laws were helping the dolphin population tremendously, the tuna-fishing businesses from other countries were losing buyers. In 1990, Mexico was embargoes from tuna shipment due to their ways in catching tuna. The soon-to-be World Trade Organization (WTO) demanded that the embargo be stopped, because according to the law, a country may not embargo a supply unless the supply itself is dangerous. In other words, if the tuna was dangerous they could embargo it, but if its catching were killing millions of dolphins, an embargo could not be made. Mexico and other Latin countries demanded that the Marine Mammal Protection Act be lightened so that these countries could sell their tuna under the label of ?dolphin safe.? After threats from the WTO, President Clinton's' administrators met with officers from Mexico in order to discuss the problem. A deal was made, called the Panama Declaration, which would put a limit on the number of dolphins a boat could catch, and lower the definition of ?dolphin-safe? in order to allow the harming and catching of dolphins. Congress has been attempting to pass this Act, which has been called the ?Dolphin Death Act? from observers. The Act would also claim that the tuna could be dolphin safe even if it did encircle dolphins just as long as observers from the boat claim that no dolphins were harmed or killed. The Act has been passed by the House or Representatives, but it was stopped before getting to the Senate. Even though the act has not made too much progress so far, it is believed that it will be passed in the near future. I believe this new Act trying to be passed is absolutely ridiculous. Not only does it supply enormous loop holes, but it is disrespectful to the dolphins. how can these fishermen live with themselves after watching the poor dolphins get caught and killed? Let's analyze the saying ?dolphin-safe.? The first part is dolphin, the species which has been protected for nearly ten years. The last part is safe, meaning secure, out of danger, above water, if you will. How can you say that the netting and capturing of the dolphins can qualify under the saying dolphin safe? There is a simple solution to saving the dolphins; keep the previous amendment by the MMPA. Studies show that even after the trapping was stopped dolphin populations were only slowly regaining strength. If we stop the protection of them now, we could be looking at the annihilation of many dolphin species. after that, how would the fishermen find their tuna? Their solution is not the most intelligent. If you are going to trap the dolphins, at least make sure they are safely returned. We cannot be lazy and careless with living creatures. It is cruel and unusual punishment, and I for one will not stand for it. What I can do personally to help is write to the Presidential candidates and complain about what the Clinton administration has done. As hopeless as it may seem, if enough people voice their opinion, change can be made. Something else I can do personally is make sure that my family purchases brands of tuna from Bumblebee, StarKist, and Chicken of the Sea because these large companies have promised to stay true to the accurate definition of ?dolphin safe.? Also there are web sites you can go to that have petitions for dolphin safety such at http://www.savedolphins.org. There you can send an email to President Clinton to inform him of your opinion. This inhumane treatment of dolphins must be stopped. We can either save them or destroy them, and

Essay on Sustainable Development for Public Administration

Essay on Sustainable Development for Public Administration Essay on Sustainable Development for Public Administration Essay on Sustainable Development for Public AdministrationThe book Sustainable Development for Public Administration written by Deniz Zeynep Leuenberger and John R. Bartle deserves special attention of everyone who wants to learn more about the relationship between sustainability and public administration. The concepts of sustainability and sustainable development play a crucial role in the overall understanding of the significance of public administration. Actually, public administration is focused on the management of human impact on the environment and preservation of the welfare of all citizens. The authors of the book place emphasis not only on sustainability and sustainable planning, but also on the economics of sustainable development and the environment,   risk management practices of the government, and environmental issues, such as drinking water supply, food security and safety, waste removal issues, transportation challenges, etc. Moreover, the authors are qualified to write on this topic. Dr. Deniz Zeynep Leuenberger has enough knowledge and experience to explore sustainable development as she is an Associate Professor in Public Administration/Political Science at Bridgewater State University. Besides, she is involved in coordination practices, working in the Center for Sustainability. John R. Bartle is her colleague. The authors of the book explore an important topic because sustainable development should be supported by a wide range of factors, including various technologies in such areas as education, information, communication, energy, agriculture, industry, etc. Access to these technologies guarantees successful development of human society.The explanation of the authors’ major thesis  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The authors’ major thesis is that environmental sustainability is considered to be the key function of public administration as it provides all citizens an opportunity to enjoy resources and welfare, hav ing a strong impact on the success and preservation of organizations, the effectiveness of organizational plans and the nation’s economic prosperity. The authors of the book explore a wide range of important sustainability issues that are â€Å"rooted in the management of natural resources and capital† (Leuenberger Bartle, 2009, p. 4). Actually, sustainable development provides an effective plan of actions aimed at integration of environmental sustainability into practice. As environmental resources stand for the so-called â€Å"natural capital†, public administration should consider the role of various organizational plans, decisions and actions that have direct relation to biological systems, including environmental protection, transportation and other issues.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The authors identify three major goals of sustainable development: biological system goals, economic system goals and social system goals. Sustainable develop ment ensures that the system is effective and does not cause damage to other systems, maintaining the established living standards and life-supporting components. Sustainable development is based on meeting the needs of today’s generations, as well as providing the ability to meet the needs of future generations.The analysis and assessment of the author’s supporting arguments  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The authors of the book use reliable supporting arguments that contribute to the overall understanding of the key message. Deniz Zeynep Leuenberger and John R. Bartle use documentation on environmental sustainability, conference on public administration notes, peer-reviewed articles, professional publications, statistical data, the U.S. laws, rules and regulations. The authors provide valid sources and documentary materials that help to support the key arguments.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The authors’ supportive arguments involve the discussion of the key issues on the economics of sustainable development, cost-benefit analysis, measurement of inputs, outputs and outcomes of sustainable development, etc. Deniz Zeynep Leuenberger and John R. Bartle discuss the role of sustainable development as a local issue and as a global issue, placing emphasis on the individual decisions at both local and global levels. For example, the authors refer to sustainable transportation policy that can help to enhance long-term growth and the quality of life. According to Deniz Zeynep Leuenberger and John R. Bartle (2009), sustainable transportation should be aimed at elimination of â€Å"wasteful and destructive incentives† (p. 88).Assessment of the validity of the author’s argument  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book Sustainable Development for Public Administration written by Leuenberger and Bartle is worth reading and analyzing. The authors’ argument is valid. The validity of the argume nt can be determined by the validity of the author’s conclusion. The authors claim that sustainable development in the field of public administration depends on the effectiveness of application of sustainability to community planning, community growth and other structures. They highlight the importance of the key sustainability-related concepts of public administration, including community members’ participation, equity and preservation of natural capital.The book contributes to the literature on sustainable development, providing much important information on the required topic. The authors are interested in analysis of the balancing between biological, economic and social needs of community members. In other words, the book Sustainable Development for Public Administration reinforces other literature in this area, providing more comprehensive approach to the study of sustainability in public administration.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the book Sustainable Development for Public Administration written by Deniz Z. Leuenberger and John Bartle is worth reading because the authors refer to an important issue in the field of public administration. Sustainability and sustainable development discussed in the book are two important concepts that can be applied to the field of public administration. The authors’ argument is valid. The reader has an opportunity to assess the authors’ argument that sustainable development provides support to equal access and comprehensive approach to the natural capital, highlighting the necessity to manage natural resources in the way that will promote the preservation of these resources for future generations.

Civic learning summary of rehab facility visitation Essay

Civic learning summary of rehab facility visitation - Essay Example Denial is part of the addiction; justification, blaming, and rationalization are all characteristics of denial. Communication between the counselor and the client facilitates the rate of recovery. The concept of using communication in promoting civic democracy is necessary. In a drug rehabilitation facility, counselling starts by building a client-counselor relationship based on the effectiveness of their communication. In our civic responsibilities, effective communication facilitates dialogue with peers and community members. Most drug addicts attribute their addiction to stress resulting from a difficult life or a stressful activity, program or parents. During counselling sessions, the addict is required to discuss each of these areas with the counselor or in a group talk. This approach seeks to bring an understanding of the concept of symbolism where certain signs call for attention to significances. The counsellor outlines the significance of symbols and how they relate to what has been perceived as they point to indicate, or denote something other than themselves. The lesson here is attaching emotional or physical symbols in performing our civic duties could lead to a crowded judgment. The concept of leadership and implementation gets outlined in the counselling sessions between the addicts and the counselors. The counselor should be able to adapt accordingly based on immediate client needs and capacities. The client needs to seem to be in control while the counselor should always maintain control. A counselor determines the appropriate time to probe and when to let the client take charge. These concepts are important in the delivery of our civic duties. Students realize the importance of understanding the community and what is necessary and

To be effective, leadership and management development must be aligned Essay - 1

To be effective, leadership and management development must be aligned to organisational strategy - Essay Example Those that fail to adapt to the rapidly changing external environment must risk becoming obsolete and losing crucial market share. Learning and management development assures successful accomplishment of organizational goals. This essay aims at discussing the key definitions, objectives and purpose, the effectiveness of LMD, the relationship between talent management and management development cycle and the impact of training and development to improve LMD among others. The key aim of this report is to critically evaluate the concept of leadership and management development (LMD) and the relevance and impact of aligning LMD with organizational strategy to improve its effectiveness. It also seeks to answer the quote through an in-depth discussion on the topic. The concept of LMD entails various programs that help the managers to attain the type of leadership as well as managerial qualities required to achieve organizational goals. LMD is an inevitable and crucial aspect of talent management along with career planning and career management activities since it combines a range of learning activities including "planned experience, self-directed learning, coaching, mentoring, action-learning, outdoor learning, and formal education and training programs based on an analysis of learning needs" (Armstrong & Taylor, 2014: p. 322). Burgoyne (2010) defines leadership development as "the acquisition, development and utilization of leadership capability or the potential for it" (p.43). Leadership development includes planned or emergent learning. Planned development refers to an "intervention with the specific aim of enhancing learning by participants" while emergent learning on the other hand entails learning that "occurs through activities that not been undertaken with leadership development in mind" but instead are created through experiences that enable and enhances learning development in the managers. This includes on-the-job learning where the managers /employees

Zara stays in Europe while other brands outsource to offshore Essay

Zara stays in Europe while other brands outsource to offshore manufacturers - Essay Example Supply change management (SCM) in simple words can be defined as the process of transformation of goods from the raw materials state to the final product and finally handing it over to the end customer. Different companies have different SCM strategies which vary depending upon the short and long term objectives and goals the company wants to achieve.Also factors effecting SCM strategy depends upon the structure of the company i.e. either it’s a manufacturing company , a distribution company, a retailing company or a mixture of these companies. Zara is one of the five apparel retailing chains owned by Inditex group. Although Inditex manages designing, manufacturing and retailing of its goods but it enjoys major presence globally in the market through its chain of retail stores. The key to Zara’s success was the implementation of a unique SCM strategy. While other retailers in the business were focusing on completely outsourcing there manufacturing to offshore; mostly co untries like China, India, Bangladesh etc. saving costs by utilizing cheap labor, Inditex decided to digress from this convention being followed and managed to succeed in its approach. MAKE-BUY DECISIONÂ  : With all the firms entangled between the decision of manufacturing the products in-house or outsource it to off-shore suppliers majorly because of cost saving which involves availability of labor at much cheaper cost i.e. margins 18 to 20 times less for hiring of what you get locally in Europe or America or more expertise available across borders and other reasons. Similarly these factors have influenced the decisions in the Apparel industry aswell with the entire thought process working behind the reason that cost saving in the manufacturing will yield much more profit in comparison to opting to an in-house or nearer manufacturing options. The giants of the fashion apparel industry like GAP, H&M and many other smaller brands choose to outsource their manufacturing completely of fshore. Although one benefit they yielded through this that their manufacturing process saved heavily by employing cheap labor but on the other hand they became open to many risk factors including Global trade policies. International treaties. The social responsibility of providing employment to local labor. The harmful manufacturing process to the environments as a result of mass production which recently gained awareness of population and started to effect the sales and the image of companies and brands. Longer lead times i.e. the replenishment time for the inventory were quite high and could affect sales quite heavily in case the company and stores fell victim to inventory stock-outs. Unexpected weather risking the timely delivery of product. While on the other hand Inditex choose to be different from the trend of outsourcing manufacturing offshore and made the most of this opportunity. Zara being an emergence of Spain opted to the unique strategy of opening manufacturing plants near to where the retail stores were located. Apart from that Zara dost not entirely own the manufacturing process but in Spain and Portugal it own a series of workshops which are bonded in contract with the firm. In doing so Zara was affording labor cost 18 to 20 times higher than its major competitors but still managed to yield profits on the same scale and competitive advantage on the competitors by Quicker replenishments. Continuous and innovative designs. The Entire process of SCM was interlinked. Environmental friendly projects. Proving itself more socially responsible by hiring local employees. While all the major competitors of Inditex specifically to ZARA like The American GAP and the Swedish H&M SOURCING STRATEGIES AND SUPPLY CHAIN CONFIGURATIONS The sourcing strategies in the apparel industry were majorly divided between two major chunks. One was relying on cheaper product sourcing by outsourcing offshore which lead to few designs being in limelight for longer periods thr oughout the seasons. The other chunk selected to keep

Categorical imperative described by Immanuel Kant

Categorical imperative described by Immanuel Kant The Categorical Imperative which was initially described by Immanuel Kant is the theory that a person is to act only on the maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law (ONeill, 1993, p.177). He believed that individuals are able to behave in a moral way due to their ability to think rationally and freely when making choices. He felt that a persons moral duties are categorical imperatives, in that our morals tell us how we ought to act. He stressed that these moral duties command us to take certain actions thus giving us the word imperative (Smith, 2010). Kant also felt that these moral responsibilities are relevant to individuals because of their rationality and because individuals have the ability to make their own decisions apart from others influence. The role of his categorical imperative within Kants ethics will be discussed in this essay as well as the limitations to his theory, leading to the conclusion that the categorical imperati ve may be a guiding ideal, but cannot be universally and fairly applied in the real world. Kants ethics seem grounded in the basis of the idea that we each have rights to freedom, autonomy and democracy. Because these rights are ours, we therefore have the ability to make free, rational and moral choice. We can determine our duty through our ability to reason. Kant contends that the categorical imperative begins with the premise that human beings have a free will and that ability to reason (ONeill, 1993, p.175). Kants explanations make sense because he argued that in order to act morally, it was necessary for one to first be free to have the choice of being moral or immoral (Smith, 2010). He also felt that as rational beings, individuals are compelled through their rationality to follow norms and requirements in society, thus our reasoned morality follows a set of internal laws which will then govern our actions. In Kants view, morality is characterized by the ability to universalize (ONeill, 1993, p.177). If a choice or action cannot be universalized across all agents, then it is irrational, unreasonable and therefore immoral. These choices or decisions can be called maxims, so a universalizable maxim is a moral maxim (ONeill, 1993, p.177). In contrast, subjective maxims are those which are not binding or applicable to all people and which cannot guide the actions of the moral, rational individual. So with the cornerstones of rationality and universalizability at the base of Kants categorical imperative, we add his views on duty and good will. To Kant, morality is based on the intent not on the action or outcomes of those actions. Acting with good will is acting with duty to others, through of course the reasoned conclusion that this duty is moral. According to Kant, this was the foundation of overall good. He highlighted the fact that â€Å"one cannot use action to judge whether a being was good or bad because sometimes some good actions may be an avenue for committing evil acts† (Smith, 2010). For example, to donate your money or possessions to others could be considered a good or worthy deed. However, if that donation is actually done to gain a heightened profile in the community or to hide resources from the government, then this will undermine the seemingly good act. Whether or not the action is good comes down to the intent of the individual, not the outcome. The connection can therefore be made that Kant characterized inherent good as good will, meaning that if one has pure intentions at the commencement of a n activity, then no matter the result of that activity, the individual would be considered to be good and duteous, as they have removed â€Å"empirical ego† from the decision (Schroeder, 2005, p.19). The categorical imperative therefore gives us the ability to decide if an action is a moral or immoral one, in that it tells us to make our decisions not on our desires or expected outcomes, which would be hypothetical, but by making a decision which is the right, moral or categorical imperative (Smith, 2010). This is not a simple answer, as the categorical imperative is a way of leading us to decision making which is considered and which demands we assess our motivations for those decisions. To apply Kants categorical imperative in a practical way, he offers four formulations to aid in its understanding. The first is the formula of universal law which states â€Å"act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law† (Kant, 1998, p.31). As stated earlier in this essay, this formulation relates to the universability principle. The second is the formula of the law of nature and asks us to â€Å"act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature† (Kant, 1998, p.31). This formulation relates to the parallels between the laws of nature and moral law. The third formulation of his imperative is of humanity and asks that you â€Å"act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means† (Kant, 1998, p.37). This describes his respect for others and our n eed in moral action to act well towards others in a universal manner. His fourth and final formulation for the categorical imperative is that of autonomy. It states that our actions are to be guided by â€Å"the idea of the will of every rational being as a will giving universal law† (Kant, 1998, p. 39). This principle of autonomy includes the concept of free and rational choice, as well as the capacity to compare and evaluate differing options. Unless directed by good will, autonomy is an ideal which will not be achieved in Kants theory. There are limitations to the belief that moral requirements must be categorical. Kants own writing on the issue of lying shows a much debated weakness to his theory. In refuting a French philosopher who maintained that truth was only a duty if it did not injure others, Kant stressed that truth was a duty in and of itself. However great the disadvantage to self or others, Kant believed that the categorical imperative demanded truth in all human action that it in fact was a sacred decree of reason (Kant, 1994, p.281). The consequences of an action held little interest for Kant, as it was in the morality of the decision or action that he held forth. Yet the implications of such a rigid and insensitive view of the actuality of human existence make Kants theory of categorical imperative unrealistic (ONeill, 1993, p.182). When a person obeys the categorical imperative, they are working within an ideal which presents them with the choice to make independent, ethical decisions (Katchy, 2007). One can only have this choice if the idea of freedom of thought and action accompanies a lack of fear of â€Å"authoritarian repercussion for not conforming to the will of another† (Katchy, 2007). Kant believed that forefront on the minds and consciousness of people, should be their own self-interest, and that republics should be established, where law would be adopted by the citizenry over violence. This would support his belief that due to the categorical imperative to act morally, these republics would lead to the possibility of peaceful existence (Schroeder, 2005, p.20). Whilst it may seem logical to some that all individuals are rational and level-headed because we as Kants individuals have the capability to use such rational and level-headed ideas to guide our actions, the truth is that reality has lit tle bearing on Kants ideals (Katchy, 2007). Kant presented sound theory which not only is used today by many, but was far-reaching for a theorist of the 1900s. His theories would by many be termed as simple common sense in todays world and the categorical imperative offers clear counsel for those who wish to place an underpinning theory to their day-to-day decision making. With an â€Å"absolute and detailed necessity of making sure that a person exercises their own will and does not conform to the ways of others† (Katchy, 2007), Kantian morality has an attitude that can be found in modern times. Individuals are able to rely upon logic to guide their actions in a rational way, but rationality is not due to logical behaviour. Kants theory is relatively simplistic, be your own person, act morally and do not simply act as others tell you to, but with your own thought and evaluation (Katchy, 2007). It is also quite clear in confirming the distinction between understanding the duty towards self and our responsibilities towar ds others. As a utilitarian however, the categorical imperative is not a sustainable view. As utilitarians, we must take into account the consequences of our actions and decisions and the impact of these actions or decisions on others. Kants murderer at the door is a prime example of how the outcome of lying is so much better than of telling the truth the correct response was to lie. But as an ideal to aspire to, the theory of the categorical imperative is a powerful one (Katchy, 2007) which transcends time or geography, upon which one can establish their own moral foundation in a world which can be confusing and contradictory.

The Force of Evil :: Essays Papers

The Force of Evil "And something had come to life†¦It was a kind of shadow, a poisonous blackness filled with bewildered loathing. †¦something hateful and unspeakable in the souls of men." An apparent introduction is made in the three works, The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell, The Child by Tiger by Thomas Wolfe, and The Destructors by Graham Greene; the unwelcome but necessary introduction to the sinful nature of mankind, to evil without limits, and without cause. When confronted with the presence of evil around them, the characters react in very different ways. A few triumph, one just stands in awe. In The Most Dangerous Game Mr. Rainsford, at first, tries to shrug off a fellow sailor's belief of a nearby 'dark' island by saying "Pure imagination . . . One superstitious sailor can taint the whole ship's company with his fear." The sailor replies with haunting faith, "Sometimes I think evil is a tangible thing - with wavelengths, just as sound and light have. An evil place can, so to speak, broadcast vibrations of evil." When Rainsford comes to believe the crucial meaning of his friends' words, it is too late; he is already in the midst of the very place that was spoken of. Appalled at first, by faced with no other choice than to confront the very source of evil, General Zaroff, face to face, Rainsford realizes the danger of his position and takes what he is dealt right in stride. He was now the wanted prey of the most dangerous of hunters. "He had not been entirely clear-headed when the chateau gates snapped shut behind him. His whole idea at first was to put distance between himself and General Zaroff. . . Now he had got a grip on himself, had stopped, and was taking stock of himself and the situation." Mr. Rainsford, an experienced hunter himself, had found himself in a position he probably had never imagined before. This kind of hunting was new to him, for this time the quest was for him and his pursuer was of the most wicked species; the devil, so to speak. "Is there anything a man don't stand to lose when the devil wants to take it all away?" To try an out run, out fox and altogether put an end to the 'devil' was the task, and Rainsford did it the only way he knew how; by being the poacher and the quarry, setting traps while taking flight, and leaving no traces behind to be followed.